![]() ![]() Heat-fit athletes also sweat sooner, in greater volume, and over a wider body area, so they stay cooler.Īthletes in the heat can sweat 1-2 L an hour, and most athletes drink less than they sweat. Acclimation, much of which occurs in a week or two, leads to better drinking and the body holds onto water and salt, increasing blood volume so the heart pumps more blood at a lower heart rate. ![]() Triathletes unacclimated to the tropical heat of Hawaii also suffer. Lack of acclimation is a cardinal predictor of heat stroke in football. So during a hard practice in full gear, heat stroke is possible at any combination of ambient temperature above 80 ☏ (26.7 ☌) and relative humidity above 40% (Kulka & Kenney, 2002). In football, body temperature rises - in a sawtooth line - ever higher the longer practice goes on. In summer sports, it’s not the heat, but the heat and humidity. So a prime time for heat stroke is the day after an exhausting and dehydrating day in the heat. In studying 1,454 cases of heat illness in Marine-recruit training, researchers implicated heat stress on the prior day as a factor (Kark et al., 1996). A similar 1-2 punch applies in the military. Most heat-stroke deaths in football occur on Day 1 or 2 of two-a-days. Victims of heat stroke are described as "the hardest worker" or "determined to prove himself." During a hard practice on a hot day, the never-quit mentality can work against a player. Overmotivation was a risk factor (Epstein et al., 1999).įootball breeds a warrior mentality. Of 82 heat-stroke cases in Israeli soldiers, 40% were from brief exercise, as in the first three miles of a run. Running generates about twice the heat of marching. He completed just 2.5 miles (Assia et al., 1985). A soldier died of heat stroke marching at night, carrying extra weight. After rest, cooling, and hydration, she was able to walk to the finish (Eichner, 1998). In Hawaii, seven-time winner Paula Newby-Fraser, losing her lead, skipped aid stations late in the run and collapsed near the end. In a final lap that seemed to last forever, she waved off help and collapsed at the finish. In Los Angeles, marathoner Gabriela Andersen- Scheiss, not trained for heat, entered the stadium dazed and wobbling. Both runners were lucky to live speed and metabolic rate influence rectal temperature in distance racing (Noakes et al., 1991).Īgonizing tableaus of endurance were seen at the 1984 Los Angeles Olympic Games and the 1995 Hawaii Ironman Triathlon. The same happened to a novice runner who, on a mild day, sped up at the end of a six-mile race (Hanson et al., 1979). An Australian runner, out of shape, sped to the front of a hot race and kept going hard until he dropped from heat stroke at 4.5 miles (Lee et al., 1990). Overmotivated athletes can overheat by doing too much too fast or trying to endure too long. This article covers causes of heat stroke in sports and presents tips to recognition, prevention, and treatment. Yet early diagnosis and proper therapy can save lives exertional heat stroke should be preventable. Heat illness can advance quickly in football players and runners, and early warning signs of heat stroke can be subtle. Heat stroke also threatens runners and other athletes in the 2001 Chicago Marathon, a young man in his first marathon collapsed of heat stroke at 26 miles and died soon after. Since 1995, on average three players a year have died of heat stroke. For football players in the dog days, mild heat illness is common and grave heat stroke always a threat (Knochel, 1975). Summer football brings grueling workouts in brutal heat. The life-saving adage is: cool first and transport second. Preventing heat stroke hinges on acclimation, hydration, pacing, cooling, and vigilance.Early recognition and fast treatment of evolving heat stroke can save lives.Heat stroke is typically caused by a combination of hot environment, strenuous exercise, clothing that limits evaporation of sweat, inadequate adaptation to the heat, too much body fat, and/or lack of fitness.Heat stroke is always a risk in summer sports, especially football and running.University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center Sports Science Exchange 86 VOLUME 15 (2002) NUMBER 3 HEAT STROKE IN SPORTS: CAUSES, PREVENTION, AND TREATMENT ![]()
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